• A limitation of this study is the between study heterogeneit

  2019-12-27

  

  A limitation of this study is the between-study heterogeneity of the datasets analyzed. To address this heterogeneity, we used a random-effects model in our analysis. Also, only 2 of the databases provided information on sex, and as a result, the sex-specific analyses were performed with a smaller c

• In conclusion BmSpry was targeted by three viruses

  2019-12-27

  

  In conclusion, BmSpry was targeted by three viruses to regulate the ERK pathway and thus ensure viral reproduction in the silkworm. This is the first report regarding a general mechanism of host regulation by multiple silkworm viruses, and this can pave the way for future virus control in other inse

• br PFL AE as a model

  2019-12-27

  

  PFL-AE as a model for the GRE–AEs Most of the GRE–AEs have proven difficult to study due to instability, difficulty in overexpression, lability of the iron-sulfur cluster, or other reasons. PFL-AE is the exception, and after the initial discovery of the iron–sulfur cluster in this enzyme [60], co

• br DDR mediated signaling DDRs

  2019-12-27

  

  DDR-mediated signaling DDRs initiate signaling pathways in a context and cell type-dependent manner. For instance, DDR1 was reported to activate ERK in vascular smooth muscle thz1 (Lu et al., 2011), to inhibit ERK in mesangial cells (Curat and Vogel, 2002), and to have no effect on ERK activatio

• The host virus coexistence is completely dependent

  2019-12-27

  

  The host-virus coexistence is completely dependent on the balance between a strong immune response inhibiting virus replication and immune evasion and survival of the virus with periodic shedding to enable transmission to new hosts. In the process of ensuring this balance, the virus manipulates 7TM

• Due to its several industrial applications the recombinant

  2019-12-26

  

  Due to its several industrial applications, the recombinant production of collagen and all its derivatives as gelatins has been pursued for many years in different biological systems as mammalian JIB-04 (Toman et al., 1999), tobacco plants (Ruggiero et al., 2000), silkworms (Tomita et al., 2003) an

• hedgehog signaling More than thirty enzymes with PLA activit

  2019-12-26

  

  More than thirty enzymes with PLA2 activity have been described and, based on sequence similarities, they are currently classified in 16 groups, each containing several sub-groups [16]. However, based on biochemical features these enzymes are frequently grouped into six major families: secreted phos

• br Materials and methods br Results and discussion br Conclu

  2019-12-26

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion Concluding remarks Enzymatic production of bioactive 9-cis-11-trans-conjugated linoleic amd3100 is part of a detoxification mechanism against linoleic acid which is a toxic and stress factor for many lactic bacteria such as Lactobacillus plantaru

• During the entire life of individual articular chondrocyte a

  2019-12-26

  

  During the entire life of individual, articular chondrocyte as well as subchondral bone receives acute or chronic stress. Joints homeostasis is maintained by biomechanical stress, as rapid loss of proteoglycan in joints occurs due to immobilization or disuse. These osteophytes are fibrocartilage cap

• Since the interaction between the E and E is weak

  2019-12-26

  

  Since the interaction between the E2 and E3 is weak and transient, it has been difficult to identify novel interactions between specific E2/E3 complexes [59], [64]. Here we used a modified bait consisting of the Mulan RING domain fused to one of the four E2s isolated in our screen and expressed in y

• Historically covalent drugs have had great success e g aspir

  2019-12-26

  

  Historically, covalent drugs have had great success (e.g., aspirin and penicillin), and covalent drugs have become a focus in anticancer and antiviral drug discovery (Kalgutkar and Dalvie, 2012, Singh et al., 2011). These compounds contain low reactivity warheads that allow covalent adducts to form

• We recently described the benzoxazin one

  2019-12-26

  

  We recently described the 1,3-benzoxazin-4-one analogue of LY294002 and showed it to have pan-PI3K and DNA-PK activity [2]. We have also reported on the activity of other family members, such as 3 which causes sensitization of lung cancer and colon cancer cells to radiation [11] and 4 (LTUSI122) as

• The methods used for cytokine analysis

  2019-12-26

  

  The methods used for cytokine analysis, such as ELISA or multiplex systems could also influence the concentrations of cytokines analysed. It is therefore crucial to use the same lot of the multiplex analysis kit to make such a comparison [21]. In our study, we ensured that the analysis was performed

• Several in vivo human studies have

  2019-12-26

  

  Several in vivo human studies have produced conflicting results for evaluating the inhibition of OCs on the metabolism of CYP3A substrates. Balogh et al. [12] demonstrated an approximately 25% inhibition of CYP3A activities in vivo after the administration of an OC containing 30μg of ethinylestradio

• Dihydrofolate reductase DHFR is an excellent molecular targe

  2019-12-24

  

  Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is an excellent molecular target for this study because it has been and is currently studied by using different molecular modeling techniques [6], [7], [8], [9]. Kerrigan et al. have reported an interesting review about recent progress in molecular dynamics simulations

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