• Glucagon was described as an insulin secretagogue as

  2022-02-22

  

  Glucagon was described as an insulin secretagogue as early as 1965 (Samols et al., 1965). Our studies extend these findings by demonstrating that this is a direct effect mediated by distinct receptors in the mouse pancreas. Previous experiments on isolated β A 205804 clearly show that glucagon is c

• LPCs have been previously described as potential anti diabet

  2022-02-21

  

  LPCs have been previously described as potential anti-diabetic factors due to stimulation of secretory activity from the isolated rodent pancreas, L-type cells, ands insulin-producing cell lines, with LPC 18:1 as the main structure of interest (Soga et al., 2005, Sakamoto et al., 2006, Overton et al

• In principle an ideal Fenton reaction element should have

  2022-02-21

  

  In principle, an ideal Fenton reaction element should have multiple oxidation states to form a redox cycle in the process of H2O2 decomposition to HO•. Although iron is very effective in catalyzing Fenton reaction, it requires a low pH value (pH 2-4) to reach the optimal catalytic efficiency, which

• br Ethical standards br Conflicts

  2022-02-21

  

  Ethical standards Conflicts of interest Funding This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 81560146, 81660148 and 81760151), Gansu Province health industry research project (grant number GSWSKY-2015-10) and Lanzhou Chengguan District Science and

• Production of reactive oxygen species ROS at the site

  2022-02-21

  

  Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the site of pathogen attack following recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) is regarded as one of the initial plant immune responses. ROS accumulation can induce a hypersensitive reaction in host plants, thereby causing programme

• In order to find better LODs

  2022-02-21

  

  In order to find better LODs, LOQs and peak shape researchers used different derivatization agents along with dansyl chloride. However, these procedures required longtime for sample preparation, low recovery, the chance of contamination; products instability and some reagents were unable to derivati

• PLP has been found to be

  2022-02-21

  

  PLP has been found to be effective inhibitor of many enzymes that have Z-IETD-FMK for phosphate-containing substrates or effectors, including RNA polymerase [14], [15], reverse transcriptase [16], and DNA polymerase [17], [18]. Oka et al. [19], [20] reported that vitamin B6 deficiency generally enh

• The CNP pGC B cGMP pathway has been

  2022-02-21

  

  The CNP/pGC-B/cGMP pathway has been reported to be potent inhibitor of fibrosis, from an intrinsic compensatory protective response as well as a therapeutic in cardiorenal injury and disease states [6,12,13,22,30]. Indeed, fibrosis is a progressive process leading to increased risk for morbidity and

• PBI is an agonist of GPR and acts as

  2022-02-21

  

  PBI-4050 is an agonist of GPR40 and acts as an antagonist or inverse agonist of GPR84. It cannot be excluded that other targets besides GPR40 and GPR84 could be implicated in the mechanism of action of PBI-4050 and could be explored in future studies. However, the present study, and in particular th

• In this study we explore different mathematical models

  2022-02-21

  

  In this study, we explore different mathematical models for describing the IVIVC of a preclinical dataset of 12 different dual GPR109A/GPR81 agonists. The objective is to establish a predictive model of in vivo lipolysis suppression in the rat based on in vitro potency data. First, a nonlinear mixed

• br Introduction Inflammatory bowel diseases IBDs including

  2022-02-21

  

  Introduction Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (Baumgart and Sandborn, 2012; Beaugerie et al., 2006) are typically characterized by chronic, progressive, and relapsing inflammation of the intestine. Although the exact pathogenesis of IBD is unknow

• br Discussion The present study

  2022-02-18

  

  Discussion The present study showed that rq 1 the factors of pre-exposure and glutamate drug injections might affect the total latency time. However, the factor of sex did not affect the total latency time. The results indicate that the glutamate system and pre-exposure, but not sex, influence fe

• ATP is essential for maintaining the ionic

  2022-02-18

  

  ATP is essential for maintaining the ionic balance of the lens (Michael and Bron, 2011). Without sufficient ATP there is an ionic imbalance due to Na+K+ATPase dysfunction. Previous studies have shown that rabbit lenses incubated ex vivo without glucose rapidly lost ATP in their lens epithelium and f

• Olanzapine has been reported to

  2022-02-18

  

  Olanzapine has been reported to attenuate insulin secretion, cause insulin resistance (Chintoh et al., 2008) and reduce whole body carbohydrate oxidation (Klingerman et al., 2014). However, a blunting of these effects in Gcgr−/− mice would not appear to explain the protection against olanzapine-indu

• In the thoracic spinal cord neither glacial

  2022-02-18

  

  In the thoracic spinal cord, neither glacial acetic Ch 55 australia nor HBO2 had an effect on nNOS expression or expression of the phosphorylated β3 subunit of the GABAA receptor. This result was not unexpected due to the preponderance of nociceptive signaling in the lumbar versus thoracic spinal c

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