• Studies on FXR knockout mice demonstrated that FXR

  2022-09-17

  

  Studies on FXR knockout mice demonstrated that FXR activity is necessary to maintain a proper integrity of intestinal tight junction [18]. HF diet-induced bowel dysfunction impaired FXR activity and affected fecal BA profile. Generally, it augmented the concentration of secondary BAs in the colon e.

• br Experimental section br Acknowledgements This study was

  2022-09-17

  

  Experimental section Acknowledgements This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 81673299 and 81273376). Introduction Free fatty acids (FFAs) are important metabolic fuels and those that are polyunsaturated are essential components of t

• MicroRNAs miRNAs are endogenous small RNA molecules nucleoti

  2022-09-17

  

  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNA molecules 20–25 nucleotides in length; they regulate multiple genes by binding to target mRNAs, thereby controlling the stability and translation of protein coding mRNAs (Esteller, 2011, Guo et al., 2010). It has been established that Telotristat of the i

• DMSO Syt itself does not catalyze

  2022-09-17

  

  Syt1 itself does not catalyze lipid mixing and membrane fusion. Rather, the pairing of vesicular and target membrane SNAREs into complexes serves to pull bilayers together to drive fusion; Ca•syt1 accelerates these fusion reactions so that they occur on rapid timescales in a manner that is precisel

• Classical drugs target the viral enzymes reverse transcripta

  2022-09-17

  

  Classical drugs target the viral Ademetionine reverse transcriptase (RT), protease and integrase (IN) [[4], [5], [6]]. Raltegravir (ISENTRESS/MK-0518) is the prototypical integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) leading to an extremely strong reduction in viral load [7] and it has been approved f

• Based on our results we propose three possible

  2022-09-17

  

  Based on our results, we propose three possible mechanisms of HER2 loss after trastuzumab-based therapy (Fig. 3). The first possibility is a result of the differential effects of treatments on clonal subsets. In breast cancer, such selective pressure has been suggested to preferentially eradicate HE

• The data presented here support a dynamic and

  2022-09-17

  

  The data presented here support a dynamic and complex interplay among labile heme, BACH1 and HO-1. It appears also that metabolites of heme degradation may participate in the mechanistic regulation of the various factors examined. Our results point to the possibility that the HO-1 pathway restricts

• Our findings demonstrated that the expression level of

  2022-09-16

  

  Our findings demonstrated that the expression level of full-length α1 sGC protein was higher in the malignant and benign breast tumors than that of normal tissues. Similarly, an increase in the expression of α1 sGC subunit has been detected in glioma cell lines [34]. Higher expressions of sGCα1 and

• In the H NMR spectrum two pairs

  2022-09-16

  

  In the 1H NMR spectrum two pairs of doublet resonances arising from the protons in the aromatic moiety of the two diastereoisomers can be readily observed around 7.5–7.6 ppm. These resonances can be used to detect and quantify the two diastereoisomers. From the results presented in Fig. 1A it can be

• br Introduction Depressive disorder is a syndrome characteri

  2022-09-16

  

  Introduction Depressive disorder is a syndrome characterized by a group of heterogeneous symptoms that affect more than 350 million people worldwide, 4% of world population (WHO, 2012). The WHO estimates depression will be the leading global cause of disability in 2020, with tremendous economic c

• T L cells can be induced to

  2022-09-16

  

  3T3-L1 cells can be induced to differentiate into adipocytes by the appropriate hormonal treatment and they offer a useful in vitro model system for adipogenesis. GPR120 mRNA was detected in differentiated mature adipocytes but not in confluent preadipocytes (Fig. 3A). The level of GPR120 mRNA incre

• Introduction Substantial body of evidence supports the notio

  2022-09-16

  

  Introduction Substantial body of evidence supports the notion that GABA, the dominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus of mammals, affects GnRH release by two classes of membrane receptors: GABAA (GABAAR) [1] and GABAB (GABAB R) [2]. Studies in rodents and sheep have documented that

• br Conflict of interest statement

  2022-09-16

  

  Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgments This work was funded in part by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, NIDDK award #DK61425 (to PWS). Introduction The efflux of toxic compounds from the cell by multidrug exporters is an important mechanism for cellular homeostasis a

• br Acknowledgments This work was supported by a

  2022-09-16

  

  Acknowledgments This work was supported by a grant CIHR-NSFC China-Canada Joint Health Research from the National Science Foundation of China (Grant Number 81061120525) and the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (Grant number CCI-109605). The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful

• Our results revealed that when subjected to

  2022-09-16

  

  Our results revealed that when subjected to intravenous glucose tolerance tests, the RIP-Gcgr mice showed enhanced glucose tolerance and increased beta cell function, which is in agreement with the findings of Gelling et al. [6]. However, we also show that there is a reduced responsiveness of the be

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